Washing machine



p y 13, 1943- L. M, HARVEY 2,323,993

WASHING MACHINE Filed Aug. 14, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet l ,ff/s ////0/ /91/ Juiy 13 19430 L; M HARVEY WASHING MACHINE Filled Aug. 14, 1940 I5 Sheecs Sheet 2 /33 m k i KO); /4 241 y 9 3' L. M, HARVEY 2 3523393 WASHING MACHINE Filed Aug. 14, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 o o o o o o o O O o o o o o o o o o O 0 0 4 9 Patented July 335.. 13943 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE WASHING MACHINE Leo M. Harvey, Loo Angeles, Calif.

Application August 14, 1940, Serial No. 352,532

1 Claims. 68-140) This invention relates to washing machines and relates more particularly to clothes-washing machines for use in commercial laundries, etc. A general object of this invention is to provide a practical, eflective, clothes washing machine for carrying on cyclic or stage washing operations that is of improved and simplified construction.

Another object of this invention is to provide a washing machine of the character referred to having a strong, rigid, frame of novel design, embodying a minimum of parts and materials.

Another object of this invention is to provide a washing machine of the character referred to in which the stationary washing shell is mounted and arranged to brace the end members 01 the frame and thus lend rigidity to the entire frame structure.

Another object of this invention is to provide a washing machine of the character referred to in which the shell is formed to permit removal of the entire rotatable or oscillatable cylinder without disturbing the frame and without removing the shell.

Another object of the invention is to provid a commercial washing machine embodying s. ro

erated and remotely controlled dump valve for the washing shell which is positive in operation the machine taken in a plane which intersects,

the longitudinal axis of the shell and cylinder. Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical detailed sectional view taken on the central longitudinal axis of the machine and illustrating an endportion of the machine. Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical detailed sectional view taken as indicated by line l--4 on Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical detailed sectional view of the cylinder and a portion tatable or oscillatable cylinder of improved design and construction.

Another object of this invention is to provide a washing machine of the character referred to in which the trunnion mountings for the cylinder are removable for repair and replacement and in which the bearings and seals for said mountings are easily accessible for reconditionbottom wall of the tank to effectively flush clear the soaps, etc. and to put the washing materials into solution-so that well mixed and homogenenus washing mixtures are supplied to the washing shell.

A. further object of this invention is to provide a. washing machine of the character referred to embodying a novel fluid pressure up of the cylinder door. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical detailed sectional view illustrating the valve of the pre-mixing tank. Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view illustrating the means for securing the removable shell section, Y

and Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the means for guiding the cylinder door.

The washing machine of the present invention may be said to comprise, generally, a frame iii, a washing shell Ii mounted in the frame ii, a rotatable or oscillatable. cylinder I! supported in the frame I! to turn in the shell ii, means it for operating the cylinder i2, means it for supplying the washing materials, water and solutions to the shell Ii, and a dump valve ii for the shell I I.

The dump valve ii is the subject matter of my co-pending application entitled Drain valves for washing machines and the like, Serial No. 411,051, filed September .16, 1941.

The frame I! serves to support the various elements of the machine and is characterized by its simplicity and lost cost. The frame II includes two spaced upright end members it. The end members i8 are plate-like parts and are generally rectangular in face view. Strengthening channel irons or corner'members 11 are secured to the vertical edges of the end member II at their outer sides. The ends of the corner members I1 and the lower parts of the end members It rest on feet It which in turn rest on bed members or runners I! of I-beam stock, or the like. The end members l6, corner members [1, feet I8 and A pair of spaced angle members 20 extend between and connect the runners IS. The transverse connecting members 20 may be welded to the runners IS. A pair of horizontal connecting members 2| are engaged on the upper edges of the end members l6 adjacent the rear of the frame ii). The connecting members 2| are preferably fixed to the end members 16 by welding. A front frame member 22 of channel stock extends between and connects the upper forward parts of the end members I5. The ends of the front frame member 22 may be welded to the inner sides of the end members i 6. A pair of spaced horizontal supporting and bracing members 23 extend between and connect the end members l6. The members 23 are spaced below the upper horizontal members 2i and are positioned to have parts or flanges lying in a common horizontal plane. As illustrated the members 23 may be formed of angle iron. The opposite ends of the supporting and bracing members 23 may rest on and may be secured to cleats 23 fixed to the inner sides of the end members l9. While I have describedthe several parts of the frame I. as welded parts may be bolted, riveted, or otherwise secured together. It will be observed that the frame it is a simple strong structure and is such that it may be quickly assembled.

The shell ll houses the rotatable or oscillatable cylinder I2 and serves as a container for the water, washing solutions. etc. In accordance with the invention the shell H is a cylindrical, horizontally disposed structure positioned between the end members I6 of the frame II. The shell ll includes a pair of disc-shaped ends positioned adjacent the end members I! of the frame. The shell ends 25 are spun or otherwise formed to have central raised or outwardly projecting parts 26 adapted to bear againstthe inner surfaces of the end members l3, see Fig. 3. Ringlike fittings 21 are positioned in the central parts 26 and have annular flanges 23 which project outwardly through central openings in the parts 26 and end members i 6. Studs 23 are threaded in openings in the fittings 21 and extend outwardly through openings in the parts 29 and end members It. Nuts 33 are threaded on the studs 29 and clamp against the end members l5 to secure the parts 26 and the fittings 21 to the end members. Grooves 3| are formed in the fittings 21 and when the structure is assembled a suitable sealing material is arranged between the fittings and the parts 26 to be retained in the grooves 3| and to form effective seals between the shell ends and the frame end members I3. Out-turned rims or flanges 32 are provided on the peripheries of tending for about 210 and is positioned to form the rear or inner section of the shell H. The end portions of the section 33 telescope over the flanges 32 and are secured and sealed with the flanges. Seam welds 35 may serve to connect the together it is to be understood that the frame" ends of the section 33 and the flanges 32 and form complete, continuous seals between the sections and the end flanges. If desired, the section 33 may be spot-welded to the flanges 32 to locate the parts for the seal welding operation and to assist in connecting the parts. Curved angle iron members 36 are bolted to the inner sides of the frame end members l6 and welds 31 may connect the section 33 and the angle iron members 36, see Fig. 3. It will be seen that the members 33 assist in securing the cylindrical shell II to the end members l6 of the frame l0 and give rigidity to the structure. The shell II fixed to the end members l6 by the studs 29 and nuts 33 and by the angle members 36 forms an effective brace and tie rigidly connecting the end members of the frame i5. While it is contemplated that the main section 33 of th shell I! may be formed of a single sheet of stock it may be Dreferred to form the section of two or more parts in which case the parts are connected by lap seams 33 sealed with solder or the like and welded or riveted.

The removable section 33-is the front section of the shellll, serving to close the front of the fixed section 33. The longitudinal edge portions of the sections 33 and 33 have telescopic coopera- 33 and 33 are tightly drawn together and the engaging telescoping parts of the sections are related to closely fit one in the other to providefluid tight seals. The end parts of the removable shell sections 33 overlap the flanges 32. Bands 3| are arranged against the inner sides of the flanges 32 and somewhat wider bands 32 are arranged against the exterior of the section 33 along its edges. Screws '33 are passed through openings in the bands 32, the section 33 and the flanges 32 and are threaded into openings in-the bands 3| to detachably secure the edge portions of the section 33 to the ends 25. It will be seen that the section 33 is easily detached upon removing the bolts 30 andthe screws 33.

An opening 33 is provided in the section 33 l2 and to permit the easy removal of the clothes.

The opening 33 is spaced between the ends of the shell Ii and extends downwardly from the upper edge of the removable section 33. A door 35 is provided to normally close the opening 33. The door 35 is curved to conform to and complete the section 33. The door 35 may have circumferentially extending raised ridges 36 to increase its rigidity. Means is provided for guiding the door 35 for movement between its open and closed positions. This guide means is best illustrated in Fig. 10 of the drawings. The door guiding means includes guides 31 grooved at their inner edges as shown by 33. The guides 31 extend along both longitudinal edges of the opening 33 and the lower edge of the opening. Rivets or the like may fix the guides 31 to the shell section 33. The grooves 33 of the guides 31 slidably receive the edge portions of the door 35. Bands 39 are removably secured to the guides 31 by screws 53 and extend over the grooves 33 to slidably guide and retain the longitudinal edge portions of the door 35 A handle 5! may be secured to the door 35 adjacent its longitudinal edge. The door 35 normally remains in its closed position by gravity where'its lower edge portion is received in the groove 33 of the guide 41 which extends along the lower edge of the opening 46. Upon removal of the bands 48 the door 45 is free for detachment from the shell,

The cylinder I2 is a foraminous or perforated hollow member arranged in the shell H for retation or oscillation by the means It. The cylinder I2 is positioned in concentric relation to the shell II and is received in the shell with substantial clearance. The clothes receiving cylinder i2 includes ends 82 of sheet metal or the like' and cast wheels 83 on the outer sides of the ends I2. Flanges H on the margins of the ends I2 are i recessed in the peripheries of the wheels is. The

wheels 53 have outwardly projecting annular rims II and central thickened hubs It. The invention provides novel and very effective means for removably and rotatably supporting the cylinder i2. This means includes trunnions I! removably attached to the wheels I. The trun nions I! are provided at their inner ends with broadened bases 88 which are'removably secured to the wheel hubs I! by screws Is. The screws ll may be keyed or locked by a wire CI. The trunnions ll extend outwardly from their bases ,bling the cylinder.

II and project through carriers 6| received by a the above described fittings 2s. The outer portions of the studs 20. extend through openings in the carriers CI and nuts I! are threaded on the studs to removably secure the carriers Ii to the.

ends of the frame ll. outwardly opening sockets I are provided in the carriers II and grooves in the carriers at the inner ends of the sockets serve to contain packing or sealing assemblies 64. The

= sealing assemblies ll prevent the leakage'o'i'fluid around the trunnions Fl. 1 Anti-friction bearings are provided in the car- "riers I to rotatably support the trunnions H.

The bearings include cartridges ll inserted in the sockets i3 and removably secured to the carriers 8! by bolts ll. Anti-friction bearing ele ments .1 cooperate with races in the cartridges 'II and bushings it on the trunnionsll to support the trunnions for free rotation. Rings ll are threaded in the outer ends of the cartridges,

It to retain the anti-friction bearing elements 01 and the outer races. Thrust rings "ll are-sediv having curved inner parts and flat, generally parallel aide parts. The ribs 16 extend through out the length of the cylinder l2 and have their ends at the cylinder ends 52. The lifting ribs It are embodied in the cylinder I! in a novel manner. The ribs I8 project radially inward from the internal surface of the cylinder l2 and occur where the longitudinal edges of the sections 12 are joined. Each rib 18 has an mturned lip or flange 11 extending along one longitudinal edge. The'inturned flanges ll are welded or otherwise fixed to the sections I2. There is a rib II secured to one longitudinal edge portion of each cylinder section I! and the flanges ll of the ribs are secured to the sections prior to assess Each rib 18 has a longitu dinal edge portion 18 extended outwardly to be received between the opposing flanges ll of a palrof adjacent sections 12. Rivets, bolts Il or other securing members are passed through openings in the opposing flanges ill and the edge portions 18 of the ribs 18 to connect the sections 12 and to secure the edge portions oi the ribs 16. It will be seen how each rib it s secured to a section 12 by the welds at the flanges I1 prior to'the assembling of the sections 12 and how' the connection of the several sections 12 by the bolts 18* completes the securing of the ribs 10 to the cylinder sections. observedthat the ribs II are secured to the internal surface of the cylinder l2 without leaving exposed bolt head, rivet heads, .or the like, that might catch or injure the clothes. The opp'osite ends of the ribs 10 are provided with out-turned flanges 18 that are bolted, riveted,

. welded, or otherwise secured to th'e ends' I of the cylinder. The cylindenstructureis reinforced by longitudinal tie rods 8|. The tie rods ll ex-- it. Nuts II are threaded on the projecting end cured to the outer parts of the bushings II by a screws, or the like. It will be observed that the" f screws It may be removed to permit removal of the bearings so that the packing assemblies I.

are exposed for replacement or repacking. when the carriers I are detached'from the frame ends it the screws II are exposed for removal'and the trunnions 01 may be withdrawn through the nttlngs 21. The means for rotatably supporting the cylinder I2-ls such that it may be reconditioned and replaced from time to time and is such that the cylinder may be freed for removal from the shell ll. Drain ports 13 are provided in the lower portions of the carriers Ii and lead outwardly from the inner parts of the sockets l8; Leakage through the ports 18 indicates that the packing or setting units it require attention.

The cylinder it further includes a tubular cylindrical assembly secured between the ends 52. This tubular assembly is made up of a number of nrcuate sections '12. The sections II are provided with multiplicities of perforations ll so that the water, washing mixtures, etc. delivered to the shell ll reach the clothes in the cylinder $2. The perforations ll are spaced apart throughout the extents of the sections I2 and are of such size and form that buttons and other parts on the clothes cannot catch in them. Outportions of the tie rods 80 to me, against the wheels iii. The rods It materially strengthen the cylinder II. It will be observed that the ribs 10 form shields and' hou'sings for the tie rods GI.

The cylinder i2 is provided with an opening I! through which the clothes are passed. A door I! normally closes the opening I. The door It is shaped to conform to and complete the cylinder i2 and is perforated in the same manner as the cylinder sections .12. The opening 82 preferably extends upwardly from the lower edge of one of the section and is preferably spaced between the ends of the section. Guide means '4 similar to or identical withthe above described guide means "48-48-50 is provided at the opening vii! to guide thedoorli for movement between its open and closed positions. Stop strips 85 extend along the upper edges of the door 83 and opening '2 and have pitched faces 88 that cooperate when the door is in the closed position to bind or wedge the door so that it does-not work or rattle.

Improved latch means is provided to hold the door 88 in its closed position. The latch means includes a pair of catches or hooks 81 secured to the cylinder l2 adjacent the lower edge of the opening 02. The hooks 81 are arranged to face or oppose one another. Flanges on the Itwillbe" hooks 81 are secured to the adjacent flanges 15 of the cylinder I2 by bolts 88. In accordance with the invention shims 89 are arranged between the bases of the hooks 81 and the cylinder flanges 18. By removing the shims 89 the hooks 81 may be adjusted to compensate for wear in the latch means. The latch means further includes a hollow or concave carrier 9i set in a horizontal opening 92 in the lower portion of the door 83 and secured to the door by rivets, welding, or the like. Latches 93 are supported in cooperating relation to the hooks 81 by pivot pins 9l on the carrier 9|. The latches 93 are lever-like ele ments and have main outer arms of hooklike formation provided with curved noses 95 for cooperating with the hooks 81. The latches 93 further include inner arms that are forked to each have two spaced lugs 96 and 81, see Fg. 4.

Spring-loaded toggle structures are provided for the control and operation of the latches 92. Tongues 98 are received :by the latch lugs 96 and 91 and are pivotally connected therewith by pivot pins 99. The pins 99 are spaced some distance from the pivotal axes of the latches 93. Mounting lugs I are provided in the carrier 9| and yoked members IOI are secured to the lugs I00 by pivot pins I02. The tongues 98 and the members IOI have slidably cooperating telescoping stems I03 and compression springs I0l surround the telescoping stems I03 and are engaged under compression between the shoulders on the tongues 98 and members MI. The tongues 98 and the members IOI constitute extensible and contractible spring-loaded toggle levers or links. The pivotal connections 99 of the tongues 98 with the latches 93 are located so that the springs I0l serve to urge the latches to the active or released positions, depending upon the positions of the pivot pins 98 relative to lines drawn between the pivot pins 9l and I02. In other words, the toggle structures are adapted to be operated to throw the pivot pins 99 over center between the position illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawings and a position where the latches93 are released from the hooks 81. The lugs 91 are adapted to engage against stops I05 on the carriers 9i to limit the opening movement of the latches 93.

The means for the control and operation of the latches 93 include handles I06 pivotally mounted in the carrier 9|. In the structure illustrated the handles I06 are pivotally supported by the posts I01- formed in the carrier 9I. Links I08 are pivotally connected with the rear or inner ends of the handles I06 by pivot pins I09 and extend outwardly to the adjacent latches 93. The links I01 may be flat rods and their outer parts may be twisted to lie parallel with the inner sides of the lugs 96. Slots IIO are formed in these twisted outer parts of the links I08 and pivot pins III on the lugs 96 cooperate with the slots I I0 to connect the links with the latches 93. Extensible coiled springs II2 are secured to the links I 08 and the interior of the carrier 9I to yieldingly hold the handles I06 against movement and to take up play at the slots I I0 so that the handles do not work or swing when the machine is in operation. The springs II2 are much lighter than the springs I04 and do not interfere with the action of the spring-loaded latches 93. The handles I06 normally occupy positions in the carrier 9| where they extend substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder I2. The springs II2 serve to retain the handles in these positions.

By manually swinging the handles I06 outwardly the latches 93 are pivoted to throw the pivot pins 99 over center and to release the latch noses 95 from the hooks 81. The spring I retain the latches 93 in the released positions until the handles I06 are manually returned to their normal positions. When this is done the pivot pins 99 are thrown over center to their original positions and the springs I0l serve to hold the latches in their active positions. As best illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawings the latch noses 95 have curved ,faces which cooperate with the hooks 81. These curved faces of the latch noses 95 are of considerable length and the latches and hooks are related so that the curved faces of the latch noses 95 continue to be maintained in proper latching engagement with the hooks 91 as the hooks and latches wear. The long noses 95 of the spring-held toggle latches continue to be operative even after extensive wear has oc curred on their outer portions. By adjusting the shims the hooks 81 may be set to have proper holding engagement with the latch noses after extensive wear of both the hooks and latches has taken place.

The cooperation of the latches 93 with the hooks 91 at one end of the door and the engagement of the tapered stops 85 and 86 at the other end of the door holds the door 83 under tension so that the door strengthens the entire cylinder I2. The door is tightly held closed by the means just mentioned so that the clothes striking the inner surface of the door cannot spring or loosen the door.

The means I3 for operating the cylinder I2 is a power driven means including an electric motor Ill. The motor IIl is preferably, although not necessarily, a reversible electric motor having a reversing means II 5. A speed reduction means H6 is preferably associated with the motor I Hi. The present invention is not primarily concerned with the details of the motor Ill, the reversing means I I5, or the speed reduction I I6. The motor I ll and its associated parts are supported in the upper part of the frame I8. I' have shown the motor IIl resting on "a. plate II1 which in turn is secured to the horizontal frame members 23. The plate II1 has slots III and bolts or studs II9 pass through the slots to secure the motor Ill. The motor IIl is arranged so that its shaft or the shaft of the speed reduction II6 projects outwardly at one end of the frame I0 in parallel relation with the cylinder trunnions 51. A sprocket I20 is fixed to the shaft of the motor I or the shaft of the gear means II6. A larger sprocket I2I is keyed or fixed to the trunnion 51 at the same end of the Washer frame I0 and a chain I22 operates over the sprockets I20 and I2I so that the motor Ill may drive or turn the cylinder I2. The motor I is governed or controlled by a control mechanism I23 suitably mounted on the frame III. The mechanism I23 controls the several elements of the washing machine to provide for the cyclic or stage washing operations and forms the subject of a co-pending application. The drive between the motor I and the cylinder trunnion 51 is housed in a suitable case I. The case I is secured to one end of the frame I0 to enclose the sprockets I20 and I2I and the chain I22. By loosening the bolts or IIl may be shifted or adjusted chain I22 as. required.

The means Il for supplying the water and washing materials to the shell I I includes a mixing tank or premixing tank I25. The tank I25 assesses is mounted in the frame It above the shell II.

The forward portion of the tank I25 may be supported on and secured to the frame member 22 while the rear portion of thetank may be supported by the horizontal supporting members23. The sides of the tank I25 are vertical or upstanding and the tank has an open upper end. The

top or upper ,end of the tank I25 is partially closed'by a shield or apron I26 extending forwardly and then upwardly to project above the foremost'upper frame member 2i. The bottom of the tank I25 has a wall I2'I that slopes downwardly and rearwardly from the front wall of the tank. The sloping wall I21 may extend between the opposite ends of the tank I25 and its slope or pitch is increased toward the back of the tank. A substantiallyhorizontal wall I28 rests I44 is secured to the lower end or the rod I43 and engages about the valve stem I4I. The-stirrup.

I44 is adapted to engage upwardly againsta nut I45 on the stem, I when the coil I42 is energized to open the valve I38. The valve operating,

coil I42 is controlled by the timing mechanism I23. In the cyclic operation of the machine the tank I receives a given quantity of water from a pipe I3I or from the two pipes I3I, the quantity on and is secured to the frame members 23 and forms the rear portion of the tank's bottom. Hot and cold water pipes extend to the machine and are controlled by valves I29. The valves I23 are carried by a base I30 which in turn is fixed to the upper horizontal frame members 2|. The discharge lines I3I leading from the valves I23 extend downwardly and forwardly in the tank I25 to have their discharge ends in the forward,

a steam delivery means and an appropriate con-,

trol for providing selected temperatures in the washing shell II. The present invention is not portion of the tank above the sloping wall I21.

The hot and cold water pipes I3I preferably discharge from adjacent one end wall of the tank v I25 toward the opposite end wall of the tank and their points of discharge are spaced apart horie zontally. The pipes I 3i are sloping so that the fluid cannot be trapped or retained in them. Nozzles or fluid Spreaders} are provided on the pipes I3I to spread or spray the water across the bottom of the tank I25 to prevent the washing materialsfrom accumulating thereon.

The means I4 further include a plurality of containers I32 arranged to discharge into the pre-mixing tank. I25. The containers I32 are pivotally supported on brackets I33 carried by the front frame member 22 and are arranged to dump or empty by gravity. Solenoid latches I34 are provided to initially or normally hold the containers I32 in their upright positions. The containers I32, the brackets I33 and the solenoid latches I34 are fully described and claimed in a co-pending application entitled "Material dispensing means filed August 14, 1940, Serial No.

The containers I32 are positioned to.

352,586. discharge into the forward portion of the tank I25 so that theiridischarging contents are. acted on or flushed by the water discharging from the pipes I3I. The water discharging under pressure from the pipes I3I is adapted to completely flush away material discharged from a container I32 so that the material is thoroughly mixed with the water in the tank I25.

Th means I4 further includes a valved outlet which discharges into the washing shell II. This outlet includes a. tubular valve seat fitting I35 arranged at an opening in the horizontal lower wall portion I28 of the tank I25 and an elbow primarily concerned with the steamdelivery or control means, this means being the subject matter of a co-pending application entitled Temperature control means for washing machines and the like, flied August'l i, 1940, Serial NO.

352,583. Fig. 2 of the drawings. shows a steam line I" entering the frame II from its rear and a control III for the steam line.I80.

Having described only atypical preferred form and application of nay invention. I do not wish to be' limitedor restricted to the specific details herein set forth. but wish to reserve to myself any variation: or modifications that may appear to those skilled in the art or fall within the scope of the following claims. I

- Having described my invention, I claim:

1. In a washing machine, a frame including a pair of end members having aligned openings, a shell arranged between and supported by th end members, the shell comprising a tubular wall and ends for the wall, said ends having openings registering with the first named openings, a cylinder within the shell, tmnnions detachably secured to the cylinder and entering the registering openings, carriers in the openings of the end members. means for detachably securing the carriers to the end members and serving to attach the shell ends to the and members adjacent said openings, sealing means on the carriers for sealing about the trunnions, cartridges in the carriers, and bearings in the cartridges rotatably supporting the trunnions.

2. In a washing machine. a frame including a pair of end members having aligned openings, a

. shell arranged betweenvthe end members, the

fitting I36 secured to the rear portion of the shell shell including a tubular wall and ends secured to the wall, the ends having openings registering with the first named openings, rings at the inner sides of said ends engaged in the openings thereof, studs securing the rings to the end members to attach the shell ends to the end members, a cylinder within the shell, trunnion detachably secured to the cylinder and entering the registering openings, carriers seated in said rings and detaehably secured to the end members by said studs, the carriers having sockets, means at the inner ends of the sockets for sealing around the trunnions, and removable hearings in the sockets for turn-ably supporting the trunnions.

ing upwardly in the tank I25. A solenoid coil 3. In a washing machine, a frame including a pair of end members having aligned openings, a shell including a tubular wall extending between and secured to the end members and end plates i'or the tubular wall secured at their outer edges to the tubular wall and having openings registering with the first named openin s, rings at the inner'sides or said end plates having flanges 5 extending into the openings thereof, studs 8ecuring the rings to the end plates and securing the end plates to said end members, a cylinder within the shell, trunnions detachably secured 

